METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL QUANTITIES (2)

Method for the measurement of volume of a liquid

The space occupied by a body is called the volume of that body.
The volume of a liquid in the laboratory is measured by the following
Measuring devices.
1.    Measuring cylinder
2.    Measuring flasks
3.    Burette
4.    Pipette
Measuring cylinder is commonly used to measure the volume of a liquid. It is 
a glass cylinder of uniform radius. The outer wall is graduated in cubic centimetre
and millimeter from the bottom upwards. It is available in different sizes. Before
measuring the volume of a liquid through measuring cylinder it is cleaned and
kept fixed vertically. The liquid whose volume has to measure is poured in it
and the reading of upper layer of the liquid is noted. This reading is the volume
of the liquid.


To determine the volume of an irregular solid heavier than and insoluble in water
                                 With the hep of measuring cylinder

To find the volume of an irregular shape of solid body, we take a graduated
cylinder. Fill the cylinder partly with water. Note the reading of the lower level of
water(say x₁ cc ). Now tie the given solid with a thin string and lower it gently into the  cylinder so  that the solid is completely immersed in water. The level of water is rises again.
Note the new reading of the water level raised (say x₂cc).
Since the body displaces water equal to its volume , Hence the volume of
Solid body = second reading – first reading
Thus , volume of solid = (x₂ - x₁) cubic centimeters.

To find the density of an irregular shaped body insoluble in water.

Density: The density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume 
Density is a scalar quantity and represented by the letter ‘d ’. If the mass of a body be M gms, and the volume of the body is V cubic cms, then
                                               d = M/V. Its unit is gm per cm³. SI unit is kg /m³.
To find the density of an irregular body , first find the mass of  the body by common  balance . Now find the volume of the body by the following steps.
To find the volume of an irregular shape of solid body, we take a graduated
cylinder. Fill the cylinder partly with water. Note the reading of the lower level of
water(say x₁ cc ). Now tie the given solid with a thin string and lower it gently into the cylinder so that the solid is completely immersed in water. The level of water is rises again.
Note the new reading of the water level raised (say x₂cc).
Since the body displaces water equal to its volume , Hence the volume of
Solid body = second reading – first reading
Thus , volume of solid = (x₂ - x₁) cubic centimeters.
Dividing Mass of the body by volume we get the density of the body.

Measurement of volume of a regular shaped body is determined 

To find the volume of a regular shaped body its dimensions such as length, breadth, height, radius etc, are measured . Then use the following relations:

Volume of cuboid = length x breadth x height
Volume of cube = (side)³
Volume of sphere =4 / 3 π (radius)³